An analysis of the impact of coups on human security in Africa: The case of Central Africa Republic (CAR), 2013-2015

Abstract

The overall objective of the research was to ascertain the impacts of the 2013 coup in CAR on human security. The research investigates the effects of the coup in CAR on all the seven elements of human security which are economic, political, food, community, health, environmental and personal or individual security. What was also essential to the research was to investigate the causes of unconstitutional change of government in Africa with particular focus on CAR. The other objective of the study was to explore factors which exacerbate coups in Africa with particular focus on CAR. The research also examines measures which were enhanced by the international community to avoid the recurrence of coups. The research also explores the hurdles faced in trying to implement the aforementioned measures. The last objective of the research was to proffer recommendations on what needs to be done to avert the menace of coups in Africa and CAR. The research was guided by the concept of human security, concept of state failure, frustration aggression theory and the concept of natural resource curse. The research used qualitative methods with a case study as the research design of the research. Primary data collection methods such as key informant interviews were utilised in the study. The research also used secondary data collection methods such as documentary search. Non Probability sampling techniques such as purposive sampling were used in order to select relevant and competent respondents. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The study demystify that, the failure of Independent African regime and the authoritarian crisis are some of the factors which are making Africa and CAR to provide fertile grounds to coups and political instability. Natural resources mismanagement is also linked to the influx of coups in Africa and CAR as the failure to manage natural resources in CAR led to economic quagmire. The issue of resource skulduggery by government official in CAR was explored as evidence that buttress the claim that CAR is failing to utilise its vast resources. The interplay between sectarian cleavages and colonial legacy also fuels the economic crisis in CAR. The study noted that the 2013 coup in CAR had ramifications on human security. The recommendations which were proffered were that there is need for effective and robust management of natural resources in CAR, the country should transit from authoritarianism into a democratic state and there is need of a comprehensive DDR programme as the previous Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) programmes failed.