Environmental impact assessment (EIA) process in small-scale mining sector: Awareness, perceptions and environmental management strategies in Mudzi district, Zimbabwe.

Abstract

This thesis explores EIA in the small-scale artisanal gold mining sector in order to understand awareness, perceptions and environmental management strategies in Mudzi district, Zimbabwe. The study adopted a mixed methodology approach, a hybrid of both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data was collected through closed-ended questionnaire (n = 50). Qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussions, In-depth Interviews and participant observations. A total of 69 respondents took part in the study. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis and quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results from the study show that small-scale artisanal miners are very aware of the EIA process although the level of EIA adoption is still very poor because of high charges of consultants. Results also show that small-scale artisanal miners have mixed perceptions on the EIA process. Some value it as a necessary tool for environmental protection while the majority views it as an unnecessary process. Finally, while small-scale artisanal miners have various platforms like radios, TVs, newspapers, internet where they can access EIA information they are too busy to look for the information. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that small-scale artisanal miners are aware of the EIA process although most of them are operating illegally. The study recommends that small-scale mining should be formalized so that the adverse effects of mining can be monitored through the use of an EMP.