https://hdl.handle.net/10646/190 2026-04-16T17:45:01Z 2026-04-16T17:45:01Z Nyamhondoro, Faith https://hdl.handle.net/10646/4056 2023-05-27T01:09:42Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Formalisation of informal sector as a revenue generation strategy: the case of furniture manufacturers in Glen View, 2009-2016. Nyamhondoro, Faith The thrust of this study was to explore formalisation of the informal sector as a strategy for creation of fiscal space in Zimbabwe, with particular reference to furniture manufacturers in Glen View, Harare. The research was motivated by the fact that the informal sector has become an important segment of many economies and is estimated to represent more than 95% of all global entities. In Zimbabwe, there are about 1.2 million SMEs, employing around 4.5 million people in small-scale manufacturing, trade and services, and contributing about 40% to GDP. However, the SMEs are contributing less in terms of tax revenue and lack of formalisation could have been one of the causes. Therefore, this study sought to assess formalisation of the informal sector as a strategy for revenue generation in Zimbabwe, with reference to furniture manufacturers in Glen View. There were five specific objectives, the first one being to establish the amount of revenue contributed by the informal furniture makers in Glen View between the years 2009 and 2016. The second objective was to assess the possible types of formal businesses that furniture makers in Glen View can establish. The third objective was to examine the potential impact of formalisation of informal businesses on revenue collection. The fourth objective was to interrogate the barriers to the formalisation of informal furniture manufacturers in Glen View. The last objective was to propose options for spearheading the formalisation of informal furniture manufacturers in Glen View. This study was a survey of furniture manufacturers in Glen View. The researcher collected data from a sample of furniture manufacturers in Glen View, Ministry of SME officials, ZIMRA tax officers, and SMEDCO officials. The researcher used questionnaires and interviews as research instruments. The study found out that the furniture manufacturers in Glen View were not paying taxes and Council rates. The Glen View Furniture Complex was being used for individual benefit by ‘space barons’ and the government was not benefiting anything. The research showed that the furniture manufacturers could formalise through the establishment of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperatives. It was pointed out that formalisation of SMEs benefits the national economy, improves revenue collection, and is beneficial to the SMEs. Nevertheless, there were barriers to formalisation of SMEs, which include high costs of tax compliance and too much paperwork to formalise. A number of options were proposed to spearhead formalisation and they included reducing administrative barriers through online registration, encouraging voluntary tax compliance, provision of incentives and facilities to the SMEs, and the need for the SMEs to adopt acceptable accounting practices. The study came up with some recommendations, which could spearhead the formalisation of SMEs and widen the tax revenue base. The first recommendation was that there was a need for the eradication of corruption, ‘space barons’, respecting of the law. The second recommendation was that there was a need to promote voluntary tax compliance and to coordinate tax collection. The third recommendation was that there was a need to simplify the registration procedures and to provide information on the path to be followed during formalisation. Finally, it was recommended that it was essential to provide incentives to the SMEs, which included construction of workshops for registered SMEs, assisting in marketing, and preferential treatment to the registered firms.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Nyamhondoro, Faith https://hdl.handle.net/10646/4025 2023-05-29T01:08:06Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Formalisation of informal sector as a revenue generation strategy: The case of furniture manufacturers in Glen View, 2009-2016. Nyamhondoro, Faith The thrust of this study was to explore formalisation of the informal sector as a strategy for creation of fiscal space in Zimbabwe, with particular reference to furniture manufacturers in Glen View, Harare. The research was motivated by the fact that the informal sector has become an important segment of many economies and is estimated to represent more than 95% of all global entities. In Zimbabwe, there are about 1.2 million SMEs, employing around 4.5 million people in small-scale manufacturing, trade and services, and contributing about 40% to GDP. However, the SMEs are contributing less in terms of tax revenue and lack of formalisation could have been one of the causes. Therefore, this study sought to assess formalisation of the informal sector as a strategy for revenue generation in Zimbabwe, with reference to furniture manufacturers in Glen View. There were five specific objectives, the first one being to establish the amount of revenue contributed by the informal furniture makers in Glen View between the years 2009 and 2016. The second objective was to assess the possible types of formal businesses that furniture makers in Glen View can establish. The third objective was to examine the potential impact of formalisation of informal businesses on revenue collection. The fourth objective was to interrogate the barriers to the formalisation of informal furniture manufacturers in Glen View. The last objective was to propose options for spearheading the formalisation of informal furniture manufacturers in Glen View. This study was a survey of furniture manufacturers in Glen View. The researcher collected data from a sample of furniture manufacturers in Glen View, Ministry of SME officials, ZIMRA tax officers, and SMEDCO officials. The researcher used questionnaires and interviews as research instruments. The study found out that the furniture manufacturers in Glen View were not paying taxes and Council rates. The Glen View Furniture Complex was being used for individual benefit by ‘space barons’ and the government was not benefiting anything. The research showed that the furniture manufacturers could formalise through the establishment of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperatives. It was pointed out that formalisation of SMEs benefits the national economy, improves revenue collection, and is beneficial to the SMEs. Nevertheless, there were barriers to formalisation of SMEs, which include high costs of tax compliance and too much paperwork to formalise. A number of options were proposed to spearhead formalisation and they included reducing administrative barriers through online registration, encouraging voluntary tax compliance, provision of incentives and facilities to the SMEs, and the need for the SMEs to adopt acceptable accounting practices. The study came up with some recommendations, which could spearhead the formalisation of SMEs and widen the tax revenue base. The first recommendation was that there was a need for the eradication of corruption, ‘space barons’, respecting of the law. The second recommendation was that there was a need to promote voluntary tax compliance and to coordinate tax collection. The third recommendation was that there was a need to simplify the registration procedures and to provide information on the path to be followed during formalization. Finally, it was recommended that it was essential to provide incentives to the SMEs, which included construction of workshops for registered SMEs, assisting in marketing, and preferential treatment to the registered firms.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Matambo, Munashe https://hdl.handle.net/10646/4021 2023-05-27T01:09:45Z 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z

A critical assessment of the institutional, legislative and governance structure of Zimbabwe’s sovereign wealth fund. Matambo, Munashe This research assesses the institutional, legislative and governance structure of Zimbabwe’s Sovereign Wealth Fund. Though Zimbabwe’s Sovereign Wealth Fund Act takes into cognisance the Santiago Principles which are regarded as the international best practices of managing Sovereign Wealth Funds the Sovereign Wealth Fund has got an inadequate institutional, legislative and governance structure. The study sought to assess the extent to which Zimbabwe’s Sovereign Wealth Fund conforms to the Santiago Principles. The study also sought to examine the rationale behind establishing a Sovereign Wealth in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the study also examined the challenges faced by the government of Zimbabwe in implementing the objectives of the Sovereign Wealth Fund. The study made use of purposive and snowball sampling techniques in selecting respondents to the study. The research gathered data through interviews and documentary search. Literature reviewed revealed that the International Working Group Santiago Principles are generally regarded as the international best practices for managing Sovereign Wealth Funds. Usually Sovereign Wealth Funds are created to achieve multiple goals and objectives. Some of the reasons that account for the establishment of Sovereign Wealth Funds include stabilization and diversification of the economy, creating a development, savings and pension fund, combating inflationary and deflationary conditions, and enhancing political influence. The research findings revealed that Zimbabwe generally adheres to the Santiago Principles. However, there are major inconsistencies in the legislative framework of the Fund that may impede the efficient administration of the Fund. Furthermore, the research findings revealed that the Zimbabwe has multiple reasons for establishing a Sovereign Wealth Fund. The reasons include creating a development fund, a savings fund, a stabilization fund and to supplement Zimbabwe’s national budget. In addition, the research findings revealed that the main challenges confronting Zimbabwe’s Sovereign Wealth Fund are inadequate seed capital, human resource capacity constraints, and an economic environment that is not conducive. The study concludes that the Sovereign Wealth Fund empowers the President and the Minister of Finance to interfere in the affairs of the Sovereign Wealth Fund yet ideally it is meant to be an autonomous entity. The study recommends that Parliament rather than the President must be the trustee of the Fund. Furthermore, the study recommends that Parliament in consultation with treasury must give policy direction to the Fund. In addition, the study concludes that the multiple actors and objectives of the Fund make the implementation of the objectives of the Fund difficult. The study recommends that the distinction between National Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Board and the Sovereign Wealth Fund must be explicitly disclosed. The study also concludes that Zimbabwe rushed to create a Sovereign Wealth Fund because it does not meet the prerequisite conditions to do so. The prerequisite conditions include incurring a budget surplus and being highly industrialized. To the contrary Zimbabwe is navigating through dire fiscal straits with a high debt overhang, weak fiscal legroom and is incurring budget deficits. The study recommends that Zimbabwe needs to strengthen its macroeconomic fundamentals so as to support the implementation of the objectives of the Sovereign Wealth Fund.

2017-02-01T00:00:00Z Munengami, Fani https://hdl.handle.net/10646/4020 2023-05-27T01:09:45Z 2015-03-01T00:00:00Z

Rethinking the responsibility to protect (R2O) norm in promoting peace and security: Why in Libya and not Syria? Munengami, Fani The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle remains a useful norm for promoting peace and security and a call for international humanitarian intervention. The research traces the evolution of the responsibility to protect doctrine as a basis for humanitarian intervention. The study analyses the credibility of the responsibility to protect principle by evaluating its implementation in response to humanitarian crisis. The study sought to explore the meaning and rationale, of the responsibility to protect and also investigate the variance in the application of the R2P doctrine in Libya and Syria. The research employed qualitative data collection techniques such as documentary reviews and interviews. In view of the inconsistence application of the R2P the study notes that the UNSC has been compromised by national interest of the UNSC members and application of the doctrine. The research further notes that the R2P doctrine was strengthened in Libya in 2013 and undermined in Syria by the failure of the UNSC to come to consensus on the ongoing Syrian crisis. It is agreed that the R2P doctrine lies an inherent weakness in that other members of the UN are incapacitated to take action. and should the UNSC fails to act where crimes against humanity have been committed. The study recommends for the consistent application of the R2P and for the UNSC not to consider national interest in their interpretation of the R2P doctrine.

2015-03-01T00:00:00Z