https://hdl.handle.net/10646/2788 2026-04-13T11:36:07Z https://hdl.handle.net/10646/3068 Heteromorpha trifoliata (Dombwe) accelerates acetic acid-induced peptic ulcers: A preliminary study in the rat Osim, E. E.; Maredza, T.; Prasada-Rao, P. V. V; Nhandara, B.; Adeyanju, B.; Duri, Z. J. Objectives: To investigate the effect of H. trifoliata on: (a) acetic acid-induced ulcers, (b) food intake, (c) water intake, (d) weight gain, (e) gastric acid secretion in rats. Design: Comparative study. Setting: Laboratory. Subjects: 20 female Sprague Dawley rats (220 to 250g) with acetic acid-induced peptic ulcers randomly assigned to test and control groups (n=10). The test rats were allowed water and normal rat diet comprising 20% H. trifoliata (‘Dombwe) and ‘Imfe nkulu’ in Shona and Ndebele respectively) for 17 days after ulceration while control rats were allowed water and normal rat diet for 17 days after ulceration. Thirty six other rats were prepared to study the effect of H. trifoliata on gastric and acid secretion stimulated by histamine, gastrin and carbachol. Main Outcome Measures: Photographs of the gross anatomy and hisotology of test and control rat stomachs were taken. Daily food and water intake, weekly weight gain and gastric acid secretion were measured in the test and control rats. Results: 17 days following the consumption of the H. trifoliata containing diet, macroscopically, no ulcen were found on the outer surface of the stomach walls of test rats. However, histological examination revealed traces of ulcer at the sites where ulcers were induced previously. In contrast, 70% of the control rats still had ulcers on the surface of their stomach walls. Histological examination showed massive denuded mucosa and submucosa at the ulcer sites which are signs of severe ulceration. Food intake in both groups was not significantly different except during the first three days when test rats consumed significantly less food (p< 0.01) than control rats. Daily water intake and weekly weight gain were also not significantly different in the test and control groups. H. trifoliata had no significant effect on gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine, gastrin and carbachol. Conclusions: H. trifoliata does not affect daily food and water intake and weekly weight gain in rats. It also does not affect histamine, gastrin and carbachol-stimulated acid secretion in rats. However, H.trifoliM accelerates the healing of acetic acid-induced peptic ulcer in rats. This may validate the use of H. trifoliatt in the treatment of peptic ulcer in humans. 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10646/2952 Body fluid shifts in soldiers after a jogging/walking exercise in the heat: effects of water and electrolyte solution on rehydration Mudambo, S.M.T.; Reynolds, N. Objectives: To examine the relationships between dehydration and body fluid shifts and the effects of ingesting water or oral rehydration solution or no fluid during and after exercise in the heat [mean (SE)] temperature, 40.5 (0.66)°C and 32 (3.7)% humidity. Design: PRE and POST three hours exercise comparative study. Setting: Zimbabwe National Army Wafa-Wafa Training Camp, Kariba, Zimbabwe. Subjects: 18 male soldiers volunteered to be studied during and after a 20 km (three hour) jogging/walking exercise in full kit. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass, total body water, extracellular water, intracellular water, plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, and volume changes compared using paired t-test. Results: Total body water decreased by 4.9 (0.38) 1 (p<0.02) in soldiers exercising without fluid, 1.5 (0.3) 1 (oral rehydration solution), 2.4 (0.8) 1 (water). Extracellular water decreased by 3.6 (0.3) 1 (p<0.05), 1.3 (0.2) 1, 1.7 (0.3) 1, and intracellular water decreased by 1.3 (0.1) 1, 0.2 (0.01) 1, 0.7 (0.01) 1 respectively in these groups. Plasma volume decreased by [mean (SE)] 16 (1.4)% on no fluid, three (0.3)% on oral rehydration solution, five (0.3)% on water. Plasma osmolality increased significantly from 285 (1.0) to 301 (2.3) mosmol.kg'1 (p<0.001) in subjects exercising without fluid and from 283 (2.0) to 291 (0.7) mosmol.kg'1 (p<0.02) in subjects taking oral rehydration solution. No significant increases were observed when taking water only. Conclusions: During dehydration, total body water loss was derived from both fluid compartments but extracellular water contributed the most. Effective rehydration depends on adequate replacement of electrolytes lost from each fluid compartment. Water alone may not provide adequate rehydration. 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10646/2840 Effects of different frequencies of loading on healing in partial rupture of the achilles tendon in a rat model Mkumbuzi, N.S.; Chinyanga, H.M.; Wood, W.; Mudambo, S.K.T.; Gova, M. Objective: To determine the histological effects of different frequencies of loading in a healing Achilles tendon following partial rupture. Design: Experimental laboratory study. Setting: University of Zimbabwe, Department of Physiology, Animal house. Subjects: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats Intervention: Partial tenotomies of the right Achilles tendon were performed surgically. From day 1 post operatively, the animals were allocated to treadmill running at different frequencies (once (OD), two (BD), three (TDS) and four(QID) times daily) up to 21 days. Histological sides of the tendons were made at days 7,14 and 21 and interpreted by a blinded pathologist Main Outcome Measures: Collagen fibre orientation, inflammatory cell populations, fibroblast morphology and neoangiogenesis were observed and scored using the Grande Biomechanical Histological Correlation Score. Results: Mean weight was 209.67g ±30.14. The best and worst arrangements of collagen were in the QID group (73%) and OD group (46.7%) respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (p=0.487). The BD group had the most mature fibroblast nuclei and the QID tendons had the least mature (p=0.577). Inflammatory cell populations were independent of loading frequency (p=0.132). Conclusion: Changing the frequency of the same type of loading in a healing tendon does not have an effect on the healing process in partially ruptured Achilles tendons during the inflammatory and proliferative Phases- 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z